Learn · Cleaning & Restoration

Cleaning & Restoration, in plain English.

Water, fire, smoke and mold, and what restoration actually does.

The lingo.

Air mover and dehumidifier
The fans and dehumidifiers left running for days after a water loss. Moisture readings, not the calendar, decide when they come out.
Biohazard cleanup
Cleaning after sewage, trauma or hoarding, with protective gear, disinfection and regulated disposal.
Class of water loss
How much of the room and its materials are wet, Class 1 (least) to Class 4 (deeply bound in materials). Sets the drying equipment and time.
Containment
Plastic barriers and negative air pressure that keep mold spores or smoke soot from spreading to the rest of the house during the work.
Contents pack-out
Moving furnishings and belongings out to be cleaned and stored while the house is restored.
Deep clean
A top-to-bottom cleaning beyond a regular service: inside appliances, baseboards, fixtures, windows. Common before a move or after construction.
Extraction
Pulling standing water out with pumps and vacuums before drying begins.
HEPA
High-efficiency particulate air filtration, used in vacuums and air scrubbers to capture mold spores, soot and fine dust.
IICRC
The Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification, whose standards (S500 water, S520 mold) define how restoration is done. Ask whether the technicians are certified.
Mitigation
The emergency work that stops damage from getting worse: extraction, drying, board-up, tarp. It comes before repairs, and insurers expect you to start it promptly.
Moisture mapping
Meter readings marked on a floor plan to show what is wet and to prove when it is dry.
Mold remediation
Containing the area, removing moldy materials, cleaning and drying the rest. Anything over about 10 square feet is beyond a DIY job; the moisture source has to be fixed or it returns.
Soot and smoke odor
Fire residue that keeps smelling until surfaces are cleaned or sealed and the air is treated. Thermal fogging, ozone and hydroxyl generators are the usual tools.
Water damage category
Category 1 is clean water (a supply line), Category 2 is gray water (a washer or dishwasher), Category 3 is black water (sewage, flood). The category decides what can be dried and what must be removed.
Xactimate
The estimating software most insurers and restoration contractors use, so line items and prices line up with the claim.

Guides.

Reading list.

Articles from around the internet that our Pros trust. They open on the source's site.

  • IICRC · Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification

    The standards body for water, fire and mold restoration, with a directory of certified firms.

  • Mold · U.S. EPA

    Mold basics, cleanup guidance and when to bring in a professional.

  • Prepare for disasters · Ready.gov (FEMA)

    Preparing for floods, storms and fires, and the first steps after one.

Articles from HomeMaxx.

All articles
Seasons

Storm season: the week before, the day of and the day after

Hurricanes, derechos and hail all give some warning. What to do with it, how to document the house, and what to do when the storm chasers knock.

3 min read
Safety

Dryer vents, extension cords and space heaters: the three fire starters in most homes

Most house fires are not electrical faults inside the walls. They start with three ordinary things that get used wrong. Here is what wrong looks like.

3 min read
Maintenance

Humidity, mold and the musty basement

Mold does not need a leak. It needs air over 60 percent humidity and a cool surface, and every basement in summer has both. What the number should be, how to get it there and when a musty smell is a bigger problem.

3 min read
Seasons

Hurricane season: the house, the plan and the paperwork

June first is the start, and the preparation that matters is done by then, not the week a storm is named. The roof, the openings, the water, the paper and the thirty-day rule on flood insurance.

3 min read
Safety

Wildfire smoke and the house: keeping the air inside clean

Smoke from a fire hundreds of miles away now reaches most of the country some summer weeks. How to seal up, filter and clear the air inside, and what the numbers on a filter mean.

3 min read
Maintenance

Small leaks, big bills: finding water where it should not be

The leak that ruins a house is rarely a burst pipe. It is a drip nobody noticed for a year. Eight places to look, once a season, and what each one is telling you.

3 min read
Maintenance

Drainage and grading: the yard's job is to move water away

Wet basements, cracked foundations and soggy lawns usually trace back to the same thing: the ground slopes the wrong way. What to look for after a spring rain, and the fixes from cheapest to most.

3 min read
Maintenance

Gutters: the cheapest maintenance that saves the most

A clogged gutter is behind more foundation cracks, rotten fascia and wet basements than any other single thing. Twice a year, and here is how.

2 min read
Seasons

Frozen pipes: keeping them from freezing, and what to do when one does

A pipe does not burst when it freezes. It bursts when it thaws, or when the ice blocks the line and the pressure builds behind it. Which pipes are at risk, how to protect them and the right way to thaw one.

3 min read
Seasons

Ice dams: why the ceiling leaks in February, and what actually fixes it

The icicles are the symptom. The cause is warm air in the attic, and the fix is insulation and ventilation, not a new roof. How ice dams form, how to stop one, and how to stop the next.

3 min read

From the Pros.

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